The Chequers Public House Caddington

The Chequers about 1960 [WB/Flow/4/5/Cad/C2]

The Chequers Public House: 1 Luton Road, Caddington [earlier the Chequer]

The Chequers has a long history. It is first mentioned in any document held by Bedfordshire & Luton Archives & Records Service in 1749 when, as the Chequer, it was sold by James and Dorcas Smith to Henry Howard; it was then stated to be east of Caddington Green and south of the lane from Caddington Green to Luton [WB/B4/1/Cad/C1-2]. This sounds like the position today's Chequers occupies and the supposition that today's public house is the successor to that of 1749 is strengthened by the fact that the 1749 document was part of the title to today's pub held by its then owners J. W. Green Limited. Today's Chequers appears to be a 19th century building.

Henry Howard's heir, Thomas sold the Chequers to George Wilkins in 1759 [WB/B4/1/Cad/C3] and his heir, Francis to Robert Pateman in 1784 [WB/B4/1/Cad/C4-5]. Pateman's trustees and residuary legatees of his will then sold the inn to the Luton brewers William and Solomon Burr in 1813 [WB/B4/1/Cad/C6-7].

Burr's brewery was bought by another Luton brewer, Thomas Sworder in 1860. His business underwent a number of vicissitudes and at one point, chiefly because of the Burr purchase he was close to bankruptcy. The business was saved by large injections of cash from his Hertford uncle (also named Thomas Sworder) and by an agreement with his chief creditors, William Burr's trustees Edward Burr and Richard Hatley Crabb and a group of three associates including Dunstable brewer Benjamin Bennett. An account of rents for 1867 shows that the three associates paid £30 per annum to Thomas Sworder & Company for the Chequers [X95/283].

In 1889 the house was valued as sufficient security for a loan of £500 [X95/287]. Sworder's business continued until 1897 when it was sold at auction and purchased by Luton competitor John William Green. J.W.Green Limited owned the Chequers until 1954 when the firm merged with Flowers Breweries and took the Flowers name. Flowers was then bought by Whitbread in 1962 who owned the pub until the company shed all its licensed houses and brewing business in 2001. At the time of writing [2012] the Chequers remains a public house.

The countywide licensing register of 1903 stated that the public house was in good repair and was clean and satisfactory as regard sanitation. It stood 126 yards from the nearest licensed premises (The Bricklayers Arms) and had two front doors at a door from the yard at the back. In 1927 the Chequers was valued under the 1925 Rating Valuation Act, the valuer found that trade was reasonable - two and a half to three barrels of beer, six dozen bottles of beer and ten dozen bottles of minerals per week along with a gallon of spirits however, the canny landlord: "does not know gross takings". As for the building it comprised a tap room a "nice" club room, bar, scullery and living room downstairs with a cellar beneath and five bedrooms above; outside were a stable, wood shed and W. C. attached to the house along with a public earth closet - all water came from a public well.

The Chequers March 2012

References:

• WB/B4/1/Cad/C1-2: lease and release of a cottage called the Chequer abutting west on Caddington Green from James and Dorcas Smith to Henry Howard: 1749;
• WB/B4/1/Cad/C3: feoffment from Thomas Howard, heir of Henry Howard to George Wilkins: 1759;
• WB/B4/1/Cad/C4-5: lease and release from Francis Wilkins to Robert Pateman: 1784;
• WB/B4/1/Cad/C6-7: lease and release from trustees of will and residuary legatees in will of Robert Pateman to William and Solomon Burr or Luton, brewers: 1813;
• CLP13: Register of alehouse licences: 1822 - 1828;
• Z660/D/1/4: conveyance and mortage by trustees of will of William Burr and Elizabeth Burr to Thomas Sworder of Luton, brewer and his uncle Thomas Sworder of Hertford, solicitor: 1860;
• X95/283: account of rents: 1867;
• Z660/D/1/6 and X95/270: conveyance by Edward Burr and Richard Hatley Crabb to Thomas Joseph Sworder of Hertford (son of Thomas Sworder of Hertford) and Thomas Sworder of Luton: 1878;
• WBGreen5/5/1: register of successive tenants to J.W.Green Limited licensed premises: 1887-1926;
• X95/287: valuation as security for a loan: 1889;
• PSL6a/1: Register of Alehouse Licences: c.1890-1922;
• WB/S4/1/1/5: particulars of auction sale of Thomas Sworder & Company brewery, licensed houses etc.: 1897;
• WB/Green1/1/1: record of articles of association and licensed houses owned by J.W.Green Limited: 1897-1936;
• WB/Green4/1/VP1: conveyance of brewery and licensed properties of Thomas Sworder to J.W.Green Limited: 1897;
• PSL6a/2: Register of Alehouse Licences: 1922-1964;
• DV1/C16: rating valuation: 1927;
• WB/Green4/2/4: certificate of title to two cottages adjoining Chequers in list of licensed properties of J.W.Green Limited: 1936-1952;
• WB/Green6/4/1: trade analysis ledger of J.W.Green Limited licensed premises: 1936-1947;
• WB/Green4/2/5: list of licensed properties of J.W.Green Limited: c.1936;
• WB/Green4/2/10: schedule of deeds to J.W.Green Limited licensed premises: c.1949;
• WB/Green4/2/13: Schedule of Deeds and Documents including five cottages adjacent to Chequers: c.1949;
• WB/Green4/2/16: letter from J.W.Green to solicitors Lawrance, Messer & Company asking which licensed properties had been in continuous occupation: 24 Jul 1952;
• WB/Green4/2/17: Trust Deed of J.W.Green Limited with list of licensed premises: 1952-1972;
• WB/Green4/2/19: Various loose schedules of deeds and documents: c.1954;
• WB/Flow4/5/Cad/C1-2: exterior photographs: 1960s;
• PCCaddington30/12: application for transfer of licence: 2000.

List of Licensees: note that this is not a complete list. Italics indicate licensees whose beginning and/or end dates are not known:
1822 - 1828: John Bradshaw
1850: Edward Bradbury [sic Bradshaw?]
1851-1862: Mrs Elizabeth Bradshaw;
1864: Thomas Bradshaw;
1869-1872: Elizabeth Bradshaw;
1873-1877: Thomas Bradshaw;
1877-1878: John Farr;
1878: Rebecca Farr;
1878-1880: John Bentley;
1880-1884: John Holding;
1884-1896: William How;
1896-1899: John Edward Vicars;
1899-1901: William John Grant;
1901-1919: Henry Naylor;
1919-1934: Herbert Naylor;
1934-1935: Clara Naylor;
1935-1959: Cyril Alfred Higgs;
1959-1961: Daniel Rowland Jones;
1961-1964: Sidney James Else;
1983: David Percival and Harold Walter Duffin;
1989: Harold Duffin and Brian Heppell;
2000: Ian James Hendry